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4/11/2012 <br />GHG Inventory Method – <br />•Spatially-allocates travel-related GHG across cities <br />•KIftteynrasrucure-RltdMtileaeaera-EFlnergyows: <br />KIfttRltdMtilEFl <br />Views the city as a demand-center for energy, <br />and <br />transportkey materials <br />–Functionality of cities led to choice of key infrastructure- <br />related flows in cities: water, fuel (energy), food and <br />shelter (concrete). <br />•Applies Material flow Analysis (MFA) and Life Cycle <br />Assessment (LCA) to quantify upstream indirect <br />GHG emissions of key urban infrastructures <br />–Analogous to electricity indirect GHG <br />Methodological Approaches: <br />Community-Wide GHG Accounting <br />Trans-boundary <br />Purely Geographic-based, Boundary-Limited <br />Infrastructure <br />•In-Boundary direct GHG emission only <br />Supply Chain <br />(Scope1)goodfornationalinventories <br />(Scope1)–goodfornationalinventoriesppy <br />Footprint for Cities <br />•Relates to measures of productivity <br />•Unsuited to city-scale due to the artificial •Uses corporate GHG <br />accounting concepts <br />truncation of infrastructures at city boundary <br />Scope 2 <br />•IncludesGHG <br />OnlyScope 1 underestimates GHG impact of cities <br />from electricity imports <br />•Other infrastructures as <br />Scope 3 <br />transboundartravel <br />y <br />Purely Consumption-Based, tracks $ <br />life cycle impacts of <br />•Household Consumption $ <br />producing water, fuel, <br />•Government Expenditures <br />shelter, food <br />(infrastructures) <br />•Business Capital Investment <br />Test convergence w/ <br />Data challenges in down-scaling to cities <br />national data <br />3 <br />