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Call provisions for bond issues shall be made as short as possible, consistent with the <br />lowest interest cost to the City. Unless specific compelling reasons exist, all bonds shall be <br />callable only at par. <br />Credit enhancements may be used if the costs of such enhancements are lower than the <br />reduction in net debt service payments or if they provide other significant financial benefits <br />to the City. <br />3.4 Bond Counsel. The City will retain an external bond counsel through a competitive process <br />administered by the Finance Department and the City Attorney's Office. All debt issues of <br />the City will include a written opinion by bond counsel on the validity of the bond offering, the <br />security for the offering, and whether and to what extent interest on the bonds is exempt <br />from income and other taxation. <br />3 5 Financial Advisor. The City will retain an external financial advisor through a competitive <br />process administered by the Finance Department. For each debt issuance, the financial <br />advisor will provide the City with information and recommendations on all aspects of the <br />issuance, including market opportunities, method of sale, structure, term, pricing, and fees. <br />3 6 Method of Sale. As a matter of general policy, the City shall seek to issue its general and <br />revenue bond obligations with a competitive sale process unless it is determined by the <br />City's Financial Advisor and Finance Director that such a method will not produce the best <br />results for the City. Other methods of sale that may be authorized by the Financial Advisor <br />and Finance Director are a negotiated sales process and a private placement process. <br />Conditions that may favor a negotiated sale process are: <br />• The bond issue is, or contains, a refinancing that is dependent on market timing; <br />• At the time of the issuance, the interest rate environment or economic factors that affect <br />the bond issue are volatile; <br />• The nature of the debt is unique and requires particular skills from the underwriter; or <br />• The debt issuance is bound by a compressed timeline due to extenuating circumstances <br />that prevent a competitive process from being accomplished. <br />Whenever a negotiated sale process is determined to be in the best interests of the City, the <br />City will use a competitive process to select its investment banking team. <br />In such instances where the City, through competitive bidding, deems the bids as <br />unsatisfactory, or does not receive bids, it may, at the election of the Finance Director, <br />immediately enter into a negotiated sale process or private placement process. <br />3.7 Refunding of Debt. Periodic reviews of all outstanding debts will be undertaken by the <br />Finance Director and Financial Advisor to determine refunding opportunities. Refundings <br />will be considered (within legal constraints) if and when there is a net economic benefit of <br />the refunding, or if the refunding is essential in order to amend covenants to enhance <br />operations and management. As a general rule, refundings will only be considered if the <br />present value savings (net of all costs) of a particular refunding will exceed five percent (5 %) <br />of the refunded principal. <br />