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1. Beneficial Uses of Livestock <br />a. Controls infestations that are inaccessible to people and <br />equipment <br />b. Controls very large and dense infestations where other control <br />methods would not be cost effective <br />c. Invigorates root growth of perennial grasses <br />d. Creates diverse grassland communities <br />2. Limitations of Livestock <br />a. Limited availability of experienced and knowledgeable herders <br />b. Need for infrastructure such as fencing and a water source <br />c. Predation of livestock by coyotes, mountain lions, or bears <br />d. Some noxious weeds are poisonous to certain livestock <br />e. Some noxious weeds are only palatable to certain livestock <br />f. Palatability of weeds varies throughout the season <br />g. Risk of spreading weed seed through manure or fur <br />h. Risk of overgrazing or trampling native vegetation <br />i. Will not eradicate a weed infestation (Tu et al., 2001) <br />j. Timing must be specific to prevent seed production <br />i -k. Cost <br />3. Methods <br />a. Goats <br />b. Sheep <br />c. Cattle <br />G. Chemical Control <br />Chemical control involves the use of herbicides to kill noxious weeds. The <br />City of Louisville only uses herbicides that are legally registered by the <br />Environmental Protection Agency. The use of herbicides is an effective afid <br />smeans of noxious weed control when used by trained professionals in <br />accordance with accompanying labels. <br />All applicators will have the oversight of an individual licensed by the <br />Colorado Department of Agriculture as a public pesticide applicator. All <br />contractors will be licensed as commercial pesticide applicators. Licensing <br />requires continuing education on pesticide safety and use. Application <br />equipment is also calibrated to ensure accurate delivery rates. Furthermore, <br />herbicide labels, which are legal documents, are followed precisely and are <br />kept with the applicator in the field. <br />Public concern over herbicide usage is always considered by the City. The <br />City of Louisville refers to the Colorado Pesticide Sensitive Registry to be <br />able to notify landowners adjacent to City owned proprieties when an <br />herbicide application will be conducted. To reduce public interaction with <br />treated areas, herbicide applications will be conducted when there is minimal <br />impact to visitors. For example, areas adjacent to a school will not be treated <br />during hours when children are walking to and from school. Alternatively, <br />such properties may be treated on weekends or holidays when children are not <br />present._ Also, depending on the size and location of the application, <br />Integrated Weed Management Plan 11 <br />15 <br />