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Study Methods <br />1) Controlling Downy Brome and Common Mullein with Esplanade Tank - <br />Mixes <br />In 2016 we conducted a study to test the hypothesis that herbicide treatments including <br />Esplanade would provide increased weed seedling control of downy brome and common mullein <br />compared to treatments without Esplanade. The site for this project is on Davidson Mesa Open <br />Space Property located in the City of Louisville municipality. The Davidson Mesa site has a <br />dense stand of common mullein (approximately 70-80% cover) with some downy brome and <br />some remnant perennial grasses and forbs. Within this study we also evaluated herbicide <br />treatments effect on desirable grass and forb species. Treatments were applied to 10 x 30 ft plots <br />with four replications for each treatment, arranged in a randomized complete block design. <br />Twelve herbicide treatments were applied after (POST) common mullein and downy brome <br />emergence but while the plants were in an overwintering state in December 2016. Perennial <br />grasses and forbs were dormant at the time of application. All treatments were applied with a <br />CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer at 207 kPa using 11002LP flat fan nozzles at 187 L•ha 1. <br />Cover and cover evaluations by species were conducted in 2017 and 2018. Downy brome, <br />perennial grass and forb biomass was also collected in 2017 and 2018. In 2017 the City of <br />Louisville Open Space posted signage next to the studies to provide educational information to <br />recreational users of the property and adjacent homeowners. Downy brome, perennial grass, and <br />forb biomass were harvested from 2074 to 2019 using randomly placed 1 m2 quadrats in each <br />plot; quadrats were not placed in the same location in subsequent years. Biomass was converted <br />to dry weight after collection. Percent cover estimates of all species were determined by <br />conducting visual evaluations across each entire plot (18 m2 plot area) in July 2017, 2018 and <br />2019. This study was designed to be conducted for 2-3 years with the last evaluations occurring <br />in 2019. <br />Davidson Downy Brome/Common Mullein Protocol (1 Site- 1 Application Timing) <br />Trt No. <br />Treatment <br />Rate <br />Rate Unit <br />Volume/Plot <br />Growth <br />1 <br />Esplanade <br />Accord XRT II <br />NIS <br />7 <br />24 <br />0.25 <br />OZ/A <br />OZ/A <br />% V/V <br />0.05 oz <br />0.17 oz <br />December 2016 <br />December 2016 <br />December 2016 <br />2 <br />Plateau <br />Accord XRT II <br />NIS <br />7 <br />24 <br />0.25 <br />OZ/A <br />OZ/A <br />% V/V <br />0.05 oz <br />0.17 oz <br />December 2016 <br />December 2016 <br />December 2016 <br />3 <br />Method <br />Esplanade <br />Accord XRT II <br />NIS <br />8 <br />7 <br />24 <br />0.25 <br />OZ/A <br />OZ/A <br />OZ/A <br />% V/V <br />0.06 oz <br />0.05 oz <br />0.17 oz <br />December 2016 <br />December 2016 <br />December 2016 <br />December 2016 <br />4 <br />Method <br />Plateau <br />Accord XRT II <br />NIS <br />8 <br />7 <br />24 <br />0.25 <br />OZ/A <br />OZ/A <br />OZ/A <br />% V/V <br />0.06 oz <br />0.05 oz <br />0.17 oz <br />December 2016 <br />December 2016 <br />December 2016 <br />December 2016 <br />5 <br />Tordon <br />Esplanade <br />Accord XRT II <br />1 <br />7 <br />24 <br />QT/A <br />OZ/A <br />OZ/A <br />0.22 oz <br />0.05 oz <br />0.17 oz <br />December 2016 <br />December 2016 <br />December 2016 <br />13 <br />