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Longitudinal & Transverse Cracking — <br />Quantified by their length and width. These <br />cracks can be the result of pavement <br />shrinkage due to natural daily and seasonal <br />temperature cycles, construction issues, or <br />other factors. <br />Block Cracking — Quantified by their width <br />and square footage, these cracks form <br />interconnected longitudinal and transverse <br />cracks that divide the pavement into <br />approximately rectangular pieces. Block <br />cracking is the result of aging and <br />environmental factors. <br />Patching — Quantified by the square footage <br />and severity of patches. Even a good quality <br />patch is considered a surface defect and <br />affects the ride quality and condition of a <br />pavement. <br />Raveling — This is the loss of coarse <br />aggregate on the pavement surface and is <br />measured by the severity and square <br />footage affected. <br />Bleeding —This is the presence of free <br />asphalt binder on the roadway surface, <br />which is caused by either an excess of <br />asphalt in the pavement or insufficient <br />voids in the matrix. The result is a pavement <br />surface with reduced skid resistance. This <br />distress is measured by severity and square <br />footage. <br />IMS Pavement Management Report Louisville, CO 2022 Page 1 10 <br />