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tainty and overspeculation in gold mining. Farming seemed to invoke traditional impressions of long-term stability which would perhaps sway skeptical congressmen in favor of statehood ratifi- cation. Agriculture continued to be promoted after statehood was achieved. Interestingly, an 1892 directory for Louisville, whether through oversight or actuality, listed only one person as a farmer. By 1896, however, nearly ninety farmers were listed,. as well as a creamery and cheese factory. The overshadowing of the coal mines seems to have worried some Louisville promoters as "Late" as 1901: "One often hears Louisville spoken of,4as a mining camp, which is all right, but at the same time it is an enterprising agricul- tural town and the surrpunding county furnishes many good stock, dairy and grain farms.' Whether they came as coal miners or farmers, the immigrants who settled in Louisville and the Boulder valley in the latter part of the nineteenth century were generally determined to establish permanent roots. The British Isles, northern Europe, and the eastern United States supplied the bulk.of the first wave of immigration, reflecting the broad national pattern. The arri- val of Italians and southern Europeans in the late 1880's and 1890's, was also not atypical for the development of American towns and cities at this time. Both Denver and Boulder established boards of immigration in 1872 to lure ever more settlement into the region, aided by the promotional activities of the railroads. The significant feature of this ethnic diversity for Louis- ville was the tendency for new immigrants and their families to settle with members of the same nationality who had already arrived. Besides easing the cultural adjustment, it produced enclaves of particular ethnic groups which still exist to a limi- ted extent, (i.e., Little Italy in East Louisville, Frenchtown in the southern part of town, etc.) However, families soon diffused throughout the town with acculturation, improved economic status, and the relocation of new generations. The hardships shared by all in the mining environment helped to erase cultural isolation.