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<br />miles, whereas, in the city, the coyote can meet all of its needAgriLife <br />Services, 2009). Smaller coyote territories may be attributed to a larger abundan <br />urban environments (Riley et al.2003; Gehrt et al. 2009; Grinder01). <br />The presence of an easy meal attracts coyotes into neighborhoods <br />hunting range. The availability of food in suburban areas is created by both en <br />conditions. Examples of human conditions can be, but are not limited to, pat <br />coyotes and other wildlife, accessible trash bins and open dumps <br />outside, BBQ grills, compost piles, and bird baths. Environmenta <br />carrion (dead animals), and prairie dog colonies. In most cases <br />been the result of humans intentionally or unintentionally feedi <br />efforts are so important. <br />/šäš·; .;wÝzš© <br />Coyotes sometimes generate a variety of howling sounds, typicall <br /> that some regard as a symbol of <br />the West (City and County of Broomfield, 2010). These sounds are produced as a form of <br />communication for coyotes and may alert members of the pack to c <br />warn off possible intruders. <br />Coyotes have a natural fear of humans and will usually retreat w When a <br />coyote feels threatened by an intruder or is afraid for the safe <br />aggressive behavior such as baring their teeth, growling, and ra <br />There may be a higher prevalence of defensive behavior exhibited <br />Coyotes typically mate once a year, usually between January and <br />to mid-summer months. Litter sizes vary between 2 and 12 pups w <br />approximately 6 weeks. During this time, coyotes can become ter <br />A coyote may protect their territory by shepherding citizens and <br />mating and breeding seasons (Riley, 2012) which can frighten peo <br />on humans has shown to be more prevalent between May and August <br />pups (Riley, 2012) <br />{š-zŒ h©m“zé·zš“ <br />Coyotes often uphold their territories in packs (Bekoff and Well <br />2001). Pack size typically contains between 2-10 members, plus <br />availability of resources, population numbers, and mortality rat <br />Family groups living together helps to facilitate defense and protection of their territory (Bekoff and <br />Wells 1980; Bowen 1982). Packs are usually dominated by an alpha <br />between only the alpha pair. Many pups stay with the pack throughout their adult life while s <br />members will become nomads; choosing to explore a broader home r <br />Coyote Management Plan 4 <br /> <br />