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6 Fiscal Impact Analysis: How Today's Decisions Affect Tomorrow's Budget
<br />Types of Fiscal Impact Analyses
<br />Most fiscal impact analyses conducted in the United
<br />determined for each prototype in order to show the gen-
<br />States fall into one of the following three categories:
<br />eralized impacts each land use independently has on a
<br />local government's budget. Typical factors used to define
<br />Cost -of -land -uses analysis The first type of analysis
<br />these prototypes include persons per household, equiva-
<br />can be classified as a cost -of -land -uses fiscal impact
<br />lent dwelling units, road frontage, employment per 1,000
<br />analysis. The characteristics of various residential (single
<br />square feet, vehicle trips, and assessed value. Table A
<br />family, townhouse, apartment) and nonresidential (1,000
<br />shows an example of inputs used in defining residential
<br />square feet of retail, industrial, office) prototypes are
<br />land -use prototypes.
<br />defined, and the annual costs and revenues are then
<br />Table A Residential Land -Use Prototypes, Cost -of -Land -Uses Fiscal Analysis, Lawrence, Kansas
<br />Taxable value
<br />Persons per per unitz
<br />Vehicle trips Trip adjustment Minimum lot
<br />Prototype household' (dollars)
<br />per unit3 factor3 (percent) frontage (feet)4
<br />Single-family detached, sub- 2.65 31,377
<br />9.57 50 60
<br />urban (RS-2 district)
<br />Single-family detached, urban 2.65 29,740
<br />9.57 50 50
<br />(RS-2 district)
<br />Duplex (RMD district) 2.08 23,370
<br />5.86 50 30
<br />Apartment (PRD district) 1.83 9,038
<br />6.72 50 10
<br />Source: TischlerBise, Inc.
<br />Notes:
<br />1 Based on 2000 U.S. census data.
<br />2 Based on a sample of assessment data from recent construction by city staff.
<br />3 Based on Trip Generation, 7th ed. (Washington, D.C.: Institute of Transportation Engineers, 2003).
<br />4 Based on information provided by city staff; apartment information from TischlerBise experience.
<br />Project analysis The second type of fiscal impact anal-
<br />Areawide analysis The third type of fiscal impact analy-
<br />ysis, a project analysis, is the most common type of fis-
<br />sis, an areawide analysis, can be applied to a neighbor -
<br />cal analysis conducted by local governments. In this type
<br />hood; several contiguous neighborhoods; or to an entire
<br />of analysis, one or multiple development schedules are
<br />city, county, or region. This type of analysis is cumulative
<br />evaluated for their fiscal impact over a specified period
<br />in that it evaluates the fiscal impacts of all anticipated
<br />of time. Whereas a cost -of -land -uses fiscal impact analy-
<br />development within the analysis area over a defined
<br />sis evaluates the impact of individual land uses, a project
<br />period, usually between ten and twenty years. In this type
<br />analysis evaluates the overall fiscal impacts of all land
<br />of analysis, it is common to evaluate different develop -
<br />uses combined. However, as most project -level analyses
<br />ment scenarios. These scenarios can include variations in
<br />are prepared in conjunction with specific development
<br />absorption schedules, a comparison of alternative land -
<br />proposals, this type of analysis is incremental in that it
<br />use plans, or a comparison of alternative development
<br />addresses the impacts of only one development project
<br />patterns. Table B shows an example of annual scenario
<br />at a time, usually in isolation.
<br />projections for residential and nonresidential land uses.
<br />Table B Example of Annual Scenario Projections for Residential and Nonresidential Land Uses
<br />Land uses FY 2001 FY 2002 FY 2003 FY 2004 FY 2005 FY 2006 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009
<br />Office (sq. ft.) 0 158,000 183,000 225,000 0 112,500 225,000 112,500 225,000
<br />Retail (sq. ft.) 75,000 47,000 0
<br />0 0 0 0 0 0
<br />Industrial (sq. ft.) 0 0 0
<br />0 0 0 0 0 0
<br />Other (sq. ft.) 0 0 0
<br />0 0 0 0 0 0
<br />Multifamily units (no.) 398 398 152
<br />0 0 0 0 0 0
<br />Single-family attached 360 319 0
<br />0 0 0 0 0 0
<br />units (no.)
<br />Single-family detached 114 150 0
<br />0 0 0 0 0 0
<br />units (no.)
<br />Source: TischlerBise, Inc
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