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and the City does not have a septic system, minimal methane and nitrogen emissions from <br />processing wastewater are included in the inventory. Total emissions were calculated using <br />chapter 10 of the LGOP report2. <br />3.6.3 Cement Consumption <br />Cement is included in GHG inventories because it is a critical building material for cities and <br />is often imported from areas outside the municipal boundary. The flow of cement into Louisville <br />was determined using secondary data from a United States Geological Survey report14. The <br />reported figure (apparent cement consumption for the entire US, 2004) was normalized by <br />population to obtain the total cement consumption for Louisville. The emissions factor for <br />cement is about 1 mt- CO2e /mt- cement from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's <br />(NREL) Life Cycle Inventory Database (LCI)1S. This figure factors in the transportation of <br />cement to its final destination. Louisville's total cement consumption was multiplied by this <br />emission factor to obtain the associated greenhouse gas emissions. <br />3.6.4 Food Consumption <br />Food is another product which is not usually produced within city limits and is instead <br />brought from thousands of miles away. Food purchases on a per household basis were obtained <br />for the western United States from the 2012 Economic Census conducted by the US Bureau of <br />Labor Statistics16. These expenditures were converted to 1997 -$ in order to be compatible with <br />the Carnegie Mellon Economic Input- Output Modell. This model estimates emissions based on <br />the economic inputs that go into food production, including power generation and supply, truck <br />transportation, food manufacturing, and various types of farming and ranching. <br />3.6.5 Municipal Solid Waste & Recycling <br />Louisville contracts its municipal waste collection, including trash, compost and recyclables, <br />to Western Disposal, located in Boulder, CO. Louisville also sends substantial amounts of scrap <br />metal to All Recycling and generates compost at its wastewater treatment facility. Primary data <br />on these activities was provided through personal communication with David Szabados13. This <br />data was used with the EPA's Waste Reduction Model (WARM)18, which was developed to <br />16 <br />18 <br />